Retail profit margins in Japan and Germany

Retail Profit Margins in Japan and Germany. — This study compares the determinants of retail profit margins in Japan and Germany. Although several studies consider the peculiarities of the Japanese society and its economic structure, the comparison in this study is the first systematic, empirical analysis of the consequences of these characteristics for Japanese retail profit margins. For this purpose, two extensive data sets are used and a mark-up relationship is tailored to examine differences in Japanese and German retail profit margins. The empirical outcomes indicate that small firms can survive more easily in Japan than in Germany. This explains the abundance of small stores in Japan.     

Intra-industry trade in the European computers industry

Intra-Industry Trade in the European Computers Industry. —This paper analyzes the pattern of intra-industry trade in the European computers industry. Hypotheses regarding both country-specific and industry-specific factors are tested. Those include proxies for level of economic development, market size, market proximity, scale economies and market concentration. The problem of categorical aggregation is explicitly addressed and a method to overcome is suggested. The results of the econometric analysis corroborate the predictions of the theoretical models and their ability to identify at least some of the crucial factors driving to international specialization.     

高职工商管理专业“工学结合”模式创新探讨

传统的工商管理专业实训教学只能给学生以感性的认识和直观的了解,无法让学生学以致用,亲身实践,为此,我们本着"项目驱动、任务导向、工学结合、能力培养"的宗旨,建立工商管理专业"工学结合"仿真实训教学模式。     

尊重需求,重塑“五一”气象

文章以节假日制度变革为切入点总结了各界的观点,并从国情出发,重点分析经济效益、社会效益和民众意愿,认为在目前的国情下"五一"长假的存在是合理而必要的。     

中国C2C电子商务网站的盈利模式研究

我国C2C网站发展迅速,但由于盈利模式的局限,大部分网站仍处于"烧钱"经营的状态。本文通过对C2C网站现有盈利模式的分析,探讨了未来盈利模式的发展方向。     

A robust VaR model under different time periods and weighting schemes

This paper analyses several volatility models by examining their ability to forecast Value-at-Risk (VaR) for two different time periods and two capitalization weighting schemes. Specifically, VaR is calculated for large and small capitalization stocks, based on Dow Jones (DJ) Euro Stoxx indices and is modeled for long and short trading positions by using non parametric, semi parametric and parametric methods. In order to choose one model among the various forecasting methods, a two-stage backtesting procedure is implemented. In the first stage the unconditional coverage test is used to examine the statistical accuracy of the models. In the second stage a loss function is applied to investigate whether the differences between the models, that calculated accurately the VaR, are statistically significant. Under this framework, the combination of a parametric model with the historical simulation produced robust results across the sample periods, market capitalization schemes, trading positions and confidence levels and therefore there is a risk measure that is reliable.

出口玩具产品质量安全源头管理系统的设计

在对产品源头质量安全理论分析的基础上,运用J2EE技术研究、开发了出口玩具产品质量安全源头管理系统,并阐述了源头管理系统的建立模式、软件架构、系统总体功能模块设计和实现途径。本系统契合了检验检疫监管工作的需要,符合检验检疫对出口玩具产品质量安全源头管理要求并能满足企业自身需求。     

C2B电子商务网络营销策略研究

C2B是一种新的电子商务模式,本文介绍了这种模式的几种常见形式和特点,分析了它对电商企业产生的影响,并提出了C2B模式下应该从将需求模块化批量化、具备全产业链且服务专业规范、挖掘大数据进行精准营销、整合营销传播聚合更多消费者、以及制定合理规则提高转化率等五个方面进行网络营销的策略。     

基于模糊综合评判法的B2C企业物流配送模式选择

目前,国内主要物流配送模式包括企业自建物流、第三方物流、自建与外包相结合的物流、共同配送四种模式。采用模糊综合评判法对B2C企业物流配送模式的选择可知,市场占有规模相对较大、企业实力较雄厚、服务范围较广的企业,首选自建和外包相结合的物流配送模式;而企业实力绝对雄厚,市场规模大的企业适合自建物流;规模相对较小的企业适合发展共同配送物流模式。从长远发展看,我国应该大力发展第三方物流。要大力加强信息化建设,为第三方物流发展创造条件;B2C企业应该转变观念,积极依靠第三方物流;物流企业应尽快做大做强,加强增值服务。同时,要加快高层次物流人才培养,加快物流企业配套设施建设,健全相关赔偿制度。     

2，4-二叔戊基苯酚合成工艺的研究

采用大孔强酸性阳离子树脂（A -35）催化剂进行了2,4-二叔戊基苯酚的合成工艺研究,考察了反应温度、进料空速、烯酚比以及反应压力对苯酚烷基化的影响。研究确定了适宜的工艺条件：进料的质量空速为0.6 h -1,反应温度为115℃,反应压力为0.6 MPa,在质量分数为30％的甲基叔戊基醚溶剂存在下,异戊烯和苯酚的物质的量比为1.5,在此条件下苯酚的单程转化率可维持在95％以上,总的选择性在95％以上。